Bulk Raw Materials

γ-Butyrolactone is produced industrially by dehydrogenation of 1,4-butanediol at a temperature of 180–300 °C and atmospheric pressure in the presence of a copper catalyst.
Dehydrocyclization of 1,4-butanediol to form γ-butyrolactone in the presence of a copper catalyst
The yield of this process is approximately 95%. The purification takes place with a liquid-gas-phase extraction.
In the laboratory, it may also be obtained via the oxidation of tetrahydrofuran (THF), for example with aqueous sodium bromate.An alternative route proceeds from GABA via a diazonium intermediate.
As a lactone, GBL is hydrolyzed under basic conditions, for example in a sodium hydroxide solution into sodium gamma-hydroxybutyrate, the sodium salt of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. In acidic water, a mixture of the lactone and acid forms exists in an equilibrium. These compounds then may go on to form the polymer poly(4-hydroxybutyrate) as well as the dimer 1,6-Dioxecane-2,7-dione. When treated with a non-nucleophilic base, such as lithium diisopropylamide, GBL undergoes deprotonation of the alpha carbon atom to the carbonyl. The related compound caprolactone can be used to make a polyester in this manner.
Polymerization
The ring-opening polymerization of butyrolactone gives polybutyrolactone. The resulting reverts to the monomer by thermal cracking.It is claimed that poly(GBL) is competitive with commercial biomaterial poly(4-hydroxybutyrate), or P4HB. It is further claimed that poly(GBL) is cheaper to make than P4HB, although both are bio-derived.

γ-butyrolactone is a colorless, non-toxic and transparent oily liquid, with a certain hygroscopicity and slight odor, is a high boiling point, strong solubility, good electrical properties and stability of the solvent, and water, alcohol, esters, ethers, ketones and aromatics miscibility, can dissolve many organic and inorganic compounds, safe and easy to use. It is also an important raw material for organic synthesis, mainly used for the synthesis of pyrrolidone series products, cyclopropylamine, acetyl-γ-butyrolactone, etc.. In addition,γ-butyrolactone is also used in agricultural chemicals, polymers and dyes, printing solvents, petrochemical extractants, and can also produce spices, pharmaceutical intermediates, rust removers, etc.

γ-butyrolactone is a high boiling point solvent with strong solubility, non-toxicity, safe and convenient use and management; used as an extractant for butadiene, aromatics and advanced greases in petroleum processing; used as a spinning solvent for acrylonitrile fiber in the chemical fiber industry, and is a dyeing aid for wool, nylon, acrylonitrile and other fibers; in organic synthesis, GBL also has a wide range of uses, it is the synthesis of α-pyrrolidone, N-methylpyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone, acetyl-γ-butyrolactone. Raw materials such as cyclopropylamine, which is an intermediate for the synthesis of insecticides, herbicides, drugs for brain rehabilitation, cipropylhaloperic acid, vitamin B1, chlorophyll, etc., and is also used for the synthesis of chlorophenoxybutyric acid herbicides, plant growth regulators.

PTMG (Poly(tetramethylene ether)glycol / PTMG) is a linear polyether glycol with hydroxyl groups on both ends. As a polyol, it reacts readily with isocyanates (for example MDI, TDI), etc. to make resins with excellent properties.
PTMG is a linear polyether glycol with hydroxyl groups on both ends.

Polytetramethylene Ether Glycol (PTMEG) is the premier polyether polyol used worldwide in the manufacture of high-performance polyurethane elastomers. Known for its many performance attributes and processing advantages, PTMEG is used in a variety of applications across multiple industries. These applications include polyurethane resins, prepolymers, coatings, adhesives, cast polyurethane resins, spandex fibers, and more.
Superior resistance to hydrolytic cleavage
Excellent flexibility and property retention at low temperatures
High resiliency and rebound properties
Excellent mechanical and dynamic properties, as well as low hysteresis
Outstanding impingement abrasion resistance
Good processing characteristics

PTMEG polyols are non-hazardous, stable products with a low order of toxicity. These polyols are stable under proper storage and handling conditions and possesses a high flashpoint. Always prevent electrostatic discharge and ensure adequate ventilation in work and storage areas when handling PTMEG.
PTMG is hygroscopic and will degrade if exposed to oxygen or air, so it should be well-sealed with dry nitrogen.

Storage and Handling
PTMG is a white, waxy sold at room temperature, but will become a clear, colorless liquid upon heating. If it has solidified in the drum, it can be melted by holding the drum at about 70℃ for 24 hours. Avoid localized heating however. For storage in the liquid state, it is recommended to maintain temperature at less than 50℃.
PTMG250 is classified under the Japanese Fire Services Act as hazardous materials, Class 4, Petroleums No.3, Hazardous Rank III. PTMG650 and 850 are classified under the Japanese Fire Services Act as hazardous materials, Class 4, Petroleums No.4, Hazardous Rank III. Volatility is low, and it is unlikely to catch fire at room temperature. But if it is burning, extinguish the fire with dry chemical, alcohol-resistant foam, or large quantities of water. Although PTMG has relatively low toxicity and is relatively safe, use standard protective equipment such as goggles and gloves when handling it.